If you’ve ever taken a close look at your dog’s front paws, you might have spotted a curious little extra claw sitting just a bit higher up on the leg, away from the main toes. This intriguing little digit is called a dewclaw, and it’s far more than just a quirky evolutionary leftover. In fact, dewclaws play fascinating roles in your dog’s movement, balance, and even their ability to grip objects. Curious about why dogs have dewclaws—and why some lucky breeds sport extra ones? Understanding these unique features not only deepens your appreciation of your furry friend’s anatomy but also helps you care for their paws more effectively and spot potential issues before they become problems.
Key Takeaways
- Dewclaws are functional digits that provide dogs with extra traction, stability, and grip, especially during fast movement and sharp turns.
- While front dewclaws are usually firmly attached and serve important biomechanical roles, rear dewclaws are often loosely attached and vary by breed.
- Proper care, including regular trimming, is essential to prevent dewclaw injuries, and removal should only be considered for medical reasons.
Quick Answer: What Dewclaws Are and Why Some Dogs Have Extras
Dewclaws are the small “extra” toes positioned higher up on a dog’s leg, similar in concept to a human thumb. These are called dewclaws, and they are an additional nail or toe located higher on the dog’s paw. Most dogs have front dewclaws as standard equipment, while some also have rear dewclaws on their hind legs, and a handful of breeds carry double dewclaws on their back legs.
All dogs are born with a front dewclaw on each paw, and some of them have more. These digits aren’t just decorative. Front dewclaws help with grip, stability, and fast turns, especially when dogs run at high speeds or navigate rough terrain. Extra dewclaws on the rear feet are mostly tied to genetics and breed history—many working dogs needed that extra grip in snow, on rocks, or during steep mountain descents.
In most modern pet dogs, a dog’s dewclaws are completely normal and cause no problems as long as they receive basic nail care.
What Exactly Are Dewclaws on Dogs?
A dew claw is a non-weight-bearing digit found on the inner side of a dog’s leg, positioned above the main paw. Think of it as roughly equivalent to your thumb—it doesn’t touch the ground when your dog stands still, but it plays an active role during movement.
Virtually all dogs are born with dewclaws on their front legs. Whether a dog has rear dewclaws or double dewclaws depends largely on breed genetics. The anatomy differs significantly between front and back:
- Front dewclaws: Usually attached by bone, ligaments, and several tendons connecting to the lower leg muscles. They can move slightly and are considered functional digits.
- Rear dewclaws: When present, these are often attached by skin and connective tissue only, making them “floppy” and less functional. They’re sometimes called injury prone dewclaws because of their loose attachment.
- Double dewclaws: Found in certain dog breeds like the Great Pyrenees, Beauceron, and Norwegian Lundehund. These extra digits may include bone, nerves, and muscles, functioning almost like additional toes.
Where Are Dewclaws Located on a Dog’s Legs?
Dog’s dewclaws sit higher than the digital pads and other claws on your dog’s paw. They’re positioned on the medial (inner) side of the leg, where they don’t contact the ground during normal standing.
Here’s how to locate them on your own dog:
- Front dewclaws: Look at the inside of your dog’s front legs, just above the wrist area (the carpus). You’ll find a small toe with a nail, sitting a few inches up from the main paw. Most dogs have one dewclaw on each front foot.
- Rear dewclaws: When present, these appear on the inside of the hind legs, positioned closer to the hock joint. They’re often more mobile and “wiggly” than front dewclaws because rear dewclaws tend to be attached by skin rather than bone. Rear dewclaws are more mobile and less stable compared to front dewclaws, which are more firmly connected to the leg.
Not all dogs have the same configuration:
- Some dogs have dewclaws only on their front paws
- Others have dewclaws on all four legs
- Certain breeds carry double dewclaws specifically on their back legs
- A rare few may have extra dewclaws on front feet (extremely uncommon)
Why Do Dogs Have Dewclaws at All?
Dewclaws aren’t vestigial “spare parts”—they’re connected to your dog’s evolutionary history and working heritage. Research by veterinarian Dr. Christine Zink at Johns Hopkins University used stop-action photography to show that front dewclaws serve genuine biomechanical purposes.
- When dogs run at high speeds, the front foot lands with the dewclaw contacting the ground to stabilize the carpus (wrist) joint
- When dogs run, their front feet often bend to the point where their dewclaws contact the ground.
- During sharp turns, the dewclaw digs into the ground, preventing excessive torque and rotation of the lower leg
- On slippery surfaces like ice or wet grass, dewclaws provide extra traction that helps prevent slipping and potential joint injuries
Grip and agility:
- Five distinct tendons connect the front dewclaw to lower leg muscles, enabling active movement
- Dogs turn more effectively when their dewclaws can grip during direction changes
- Agility dogs, lure coursers, and working breeds rely on this extra grip during fast maneuvers
Other practical uses:
- Many dogs use their dewclaws to hold bones, toys, or chews between their front feet
- Dewclaws help with climbing out of water or scrambling over rocky terrain
- Dewclaws also helped some animals climb trees, providing extra grip and stability.
- Some dogs use them to scratch their face or clean around their teeth
- The extra claw assists when pulling up from falls or navigating uneven ground
While many hind dewclaws are more vestigial, in certain working breeds they still contribute meaningfully to grip on snow, mud, and steep slopes.
Why Do Some Dogs Have Rear or Double Dewclaws?
Extra dewclaws—whether single rear dewclaws or double rear dewclaws—are primarily genetic traits linked to specific breeds and their historical jobs. These aren’t random mutations but features that were deliberately selected over generations of breeding.
Flock-guarding and mountain-working breeds developed rear or double dewclaws because they provided practical advantages:
- Great Pyrenees use their dual hind dewclaws as a “brake” during high-speed descents down mountainsides while chasing predators away from livestock
- Briards and Beaucerons leverage extra dewclaws for herding sheep and pursuing predators across rough terrain
- Anatolian Shepherd dogs working in rocky, uneven landscapes benefit from the additional grip
From a genetic perspective, variations in limb development genes (such as those in the LMBR1 region associated with polydactyly) influence whether a dog develops extra toes. These genetic mechanisms have been reinforced through selective breeding in working dogs.
Functional extra dewclaws vs. vestigial ones:
- In breeds like the Beauceron and Great Pyrenees, double rear dew claws are written into the breed standard and required for the show ring
- These dewclaws are often well-attached and contain bone structure
- In other dogs, rear dewclaws may be small, loosely attached “flaps” with just an extra nail—more cosmetic than functional
- Loosely attached dewclaws are sometimes considered vestigial since they contribute little to movement
Dog Breeds Most Likely to Have Extra Dewclaws
While any dog can occasionally have an extra dewclaw due to genetic variation, certain breeds are especially known for rear or double dewclaws. In the dog world, these extra digits often reflect the breed’s original working purpose.
- Great Pyrenees: Double rear dewclaws are a breed standard requirement. These mountain guardians used them for traction while protecting flocks on steep, snowy terrain.
- Beauceron: Must have double rear dewclaws to meet breed standard in most kennel clubs. Originally bred for herding and guarding in France.
- Briard: Another French herding breed with double rear dewclaws as part of breed heritage, especially in European standards.
- Norwegian Lundehund: Famous for having six toes on each foot (including extra dewclaws), developed for climbing cliffs to hunt puffins.
- Anatolian Shepherd: Often has rear dewclaws; bred as livestock guardians in Turkey’s rough mountainous regions.
- Icelandic Sheepdog: Frequently has double rear dewclaws; used for herding in Iceland’s challenging volcanic terrain.
- Saint Bernard: May have rear dewclaws; historically worked in the snowy Alps for rescue operations.
- Estrela Mountain Dog: Portuguese breed often showing rear dewclaws; worked as livestock guardians in mountain regions.
- Catalan Sheepdog: Spanish herding breed that may carry rear dewclaws as part of its working heritage.
Some kennel clubs specifically require intact double rear dewclaws for these breeds to compete in conformation shows. Removing healthy front dewclaws or required rear dewclaws can disqualify a dog from the show ring.
Do Dewclaws Still Serve a Purpose in Modern Pet Dogs?
Even if your dog has never chased a wolf down a mountainside, a dog’s dewclaws aren’t useless relics. Active dogs—Border Collies, Whippets, sport dogs, hiking companions—use their healthy front dewclaws constantly for traction during fast turns, braking, jumping, and climbing.
Practical uses in today’s dogs:
- When dogs turn sharply during play or fetch, a dog’s dewclaws contact the ground to prevent the wrist from twisting
- Climbing over obstacles, scrambling up banks, or even climb trees (yes, some dogs try) involves dewclaw grip
- Most dogs use dewclaws to hold treats, bones, and toys while chewing
- The bone-attached front dewclaw remains a functional part of the limb structure, connected by several tendons
For loosely attached rear dewclaws, usefulness varies more dramatically. In working breeds navigating snow, mud, or rocky ground, they still contribute. In the average couch-potato pet, a floppy rear dewclaw may do very little—but that doesn’t necessarily mean it should be removed.
Should Dewclaws (or Extra Dewclaws) Be Removed?
The question of dewclaw removal has shifted significantly in veterinary thinking. Routine removal of healthy front dewclaws is increasingly questioned and often discouraged by veterinarians and canine rehabilitation specialists.
A 2018 study on digit injuries found that front limb injuries were most common, but here’s the surprising part: the dewclaw (digit 1) showed the lowest injury risk, while digit 5 (the outermost toe) was most vulnerable. This challenges the old assumption that dewclaws are injury prone dewclaws that need preventative removal.
When removal might be considered:
- Severe traumatic injury where the dewclaw is damaged beyond repair
- Chronic infection that doesn’t respond to treatment
- Tumors or growths on the dewclaw
- Very loosely attached rear dewclaws that repeatedly catch on objects
When removal is discouraged:
- Removing healthy front dewclaws, which are functional and rarely injured
- Purely cosmetic reasons with no medical reason
- Breeds where dewclaws are part of the breed standard (removal can disqualify from shows)
Questions to ask your veterinarian:
- Is this a preventative measure that makes little sense given the low injury rates?
- Will removing healthy front dewclaws affect my dog’s mobility long-term?
- For puppies, what does local law allow regarding early removal?
- What’s the recovery process if surgery is needed later in life?
Veterinarian Dr. Jerry Klein, AKC Chief Veterinary Officer, affirms that dewclaws serve multiple functions including traction, stability, and gripping. Removing healthy dewclaws severs functional tendons that support the limb.
Common Dewclaw Problems and Injuries
While serious dewclaw injuries aren’t everyday events, they do occur—especially in active or working dogs. Understanding what to watch for helps you catch problems early.
Typical dewclaw issues:
- Overgrown nails that curl back toward the leg or paw pad
- Torn or ripped dewclaws from catching on fabric, brush, or fencing
- Broken or cracked nails, sometimes down to the quick
- Infections around the nail bed (dewclaws have blood supply and can become infected)
- Ingrown dewclaws where the nail grows into surrounding skin
Warning signs to watch for:
- Limping or favoring one leg
- Sudden yelping when the leg or paw is touched
- Swelling, redness, or heat around the dewclaw area
- Bleeding from the nail or nail bed
- Obsessive licking of the dewclaw
- Visible dangling or loose dewclaw
Nail injuries are painful and prone to infection. If you notice any of these symptoms, veterinary attention is warranted. Home “do-it-yourself” removal of an injured dewclaw can cause serious complications—this isn’t like cats grooming their other nail independently.
How to Care for Your Dog’s Dewclaws
Regular nail maintenance is the single best way to prevent most dewclaw problems. Because dewclaws don’t touch the ground during normal walking, they don’t wear down like the big toes and other claws do. This means they often need more frequent trimming.
Basic dewclaw care routine:
- Regularly check dewclaws every 2-4 weeks during normal nail-care sessions
- Use a proper dog nail clipper or grinder (human clippers can split the nail)
- Trim before the nail starts to curl—long dewclaws can grow into the pad
- If you’re unsure about technique, ask your veterinarian or groomer for a demonstration
- Don’t forget to check between the toes and around the dewclaw for debris or injuries
Preventing problems:
- Long or curling dewclaws can grow into surrounding skin, causing pain, infection, and requiring veterinary intervention
- Puppies should learn to tolerate paw handling early, making nail trims easier throughout life
- Active dogs may need more frequent checks, especially after hikes or outdoor adventures
When to Talk to Your Veterinarian About Dewclaws
Most dog’s dewclaws cause no trouble throughout their lives. But certain situations warrant professional advice rather than a wait-and-see approach.
Contact your vet if you notice:
- Visible injury (bleeding, dangling claw, exposed quick)
- Signs of infection (swelling, heat, discharge, foul smell)
- Persistent licking or chewing at the dewclaw area
- Limping that doesn’t resolve within a day
- Overgrown nails you’re not comfortable trimming yourself
- A fleshy rear dewclaw that keeps catching on objects
Other reasons to consult your vet:
- If you’re considering whether a loosely attached extra dewclaw should be managed with regular trims or considered for surgical removal
- For puppies, decisions about early dewclaw removal should involve a vet who understands local laws and the breed’s typical needs
- Before adopting or purchasing a puppy from a breeder who routinely removes dewclaws, understanding the implications
Your veterinarian can also prescribe pain relievers if your dog has experienced a dewclaw injury and advise on proper wound care during healing.
Summary
Dogs’ dewclaws are extra digits located higher on the legs that evolved to help with climbing, gripping, and navigating challenging terrain. Today, front dewclaws in particular remain functional, providing added traction and stability when dogs run, turn sharply, or scramble over obstacles. Rear and double dewclaws, found in certain breeds, are largely tied to genetics and a history of flock-guarding or mountain work, with some being functional and others more vestigial. For modern pet dogs, regular trimming and inspection of dewclaws are key to preventing overgrowth, snagging, or infection, while removal is generally reserved for clear medical reasons such as severe injury, chronic disease, or very loose digits that keep getting damaged. Thoughtful dewclaw care supports your dog’s comfort, mobility, and long-term paw health.
Curious about other small details that influence how your dog moves and plays?
Explore our dog habits and quirks guides to see how anatomy, instincts, and everyday behaviors fit together.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do dogs have dewclaws?
Dewclaws are extra digits located higher on a dog’s leg, similar to a human thumb. They provide dogs with extra traction, stability, and grip, especially during fast movement, sharp turns, and navigating rough terrain.
Do all dogs have dewclaws on their rear legs?
No, not all dogs have dewclaws on their rear legs. While most dogs have dewclaws on their front legs, rear dewclaws are breed-dependent. Some breeds, like the Great Pyrenees and Beauceron, have double dewclaws on their hind legs as part of the breed standard.
Should I have my dog’s dewclaws removed?
Dewclaws should only be removed for medical reasons such as severe injury, infection, or disease. Removing healthy front dewclaws is generally discouraged because they serve important functions. Some loosely attached rear dewclaws might be removed to prevent injury, but this is debated.
How do I care for my dog’s dewclaws?
Regular trimming is essential since dewclaws don’t touch the ground and can overgrow, causing discomfort or injury. Check dewclaws every few weeks and trim them to prevent snagging, breaking, or infections. Consult a veterinarian if you notice signs of injury or infection.
What are the signs of a dewclaw injury?
Signs include limping, swelling, redness, bleeding, excessive licking at the dewclaw, and discomfort when the paw is handled. If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care promptly to avoid complications.
